{"id":2313,"date":"2021-12-20T11:46:13","date_gmt":"2021-12-20T17:46:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/?page_id=2313"},"modified":"2021-12-20T12:02:22","modified_gmt":"2021-12-20T18:02:22","slug":"amenazas","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/en\/amenazas\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><div data-vc-full-width=\"true\" data-vc-full-width-temp=\"true\" data-vc-full-width-init=\"false\" data-vc-parallax=\"2.5\" data-vc-parallax-o-fade=\"on\" data-vc-parallax-image=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/RGraham_2017_WS_IMG_7550.jpg\" class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1638406481574 vc_row-has-fill vc_general vc_parallax vc_parallax-content-moving-fade js-vc_parallax-o-fade row-overlay bg-image-ps-inherit\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div id=\"ct-heading\" class=\"ct-heading align-center align-center-md align-center-sm align-center-xs\">\n            <style type=\"text\/css\">\n            @media (min-width: 991px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\n                #ct-heading .ct-heading-tag {\n                                            font-size: 25px !important;\n                                                        }\n            }\n        <\/style>\n    \n            <style type=\"text\/css\">\n            @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px) {\n                #ct-heading .ct-heading-tag {\n                                            font-size: 18px !important;\n                                                        }\n            }\n        <\/style>\n    \n            <style type=\"text\/css\">\n            @media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\n                #ct-heading .ct-heading-tag {\n                                            font-size: 32px !important;\n                                                        }\n            }\n        <\/style>\n                    <div class=\"ct-heading-sub sub- style1\" style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:35px;font-weight:800;\">\n            <span style=\"background-color:#ffffff;\"><\/span>\n            Threats                    <\/div>\n        <h1 class=\"ct-heading-tag typing-style1\" style=\"margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;color:#ffffff;font-size:45px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:800; \">\n            <\/h1>\n            <div class=\"h-gap\"><i ><\/i><\/div>\n        <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid bg-image-ps-inherit\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-1\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-11\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_grey wpb_content_element  wpb_content_element\" ><span class=\"vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l\"><span class=\"vc_sep_line\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r\"><span class=\"vc_sep_line\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"vc_empty_space\"   style=\"height: 32px\"><span class=\"vc_empty_space_inner\"><\/span><\/div><h2 style=\"text-align: left;font-family:Roboto Slab;font-weight:700;font-style:normal\" class=\"vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading\" >Threats<\/h2><div class=\"vc_empty_space\"   style=\"height: 32px\"><span class=\"vc_empty_space_inner\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid bg-image-ps-inherit\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-1\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-10\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h4><strong>Climate Change<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Coral_Reefs_and_Global_Climate_Change.pdf\">Coral Reefs and Global climate change, Potential Contributions of Climate Change to Stresses on Coral Reef Ecosystems.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cambio-climatico-bioindicadores-blanqueamiento.pdf\">Climate change and coastal ecosystems, fundamental bases for the conservation of East Pacific coral reefs.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Effects_of_climate_change_on_marine_ecosystems.pdf\">Effect of Climate Change on Marine Ecosystems.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/226289185_The_Impact_of_Climate_Change_on_Coral_Reef_Ecosystems\">The Impact of Climate Change on Coral Reef Ecosystems.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Hughesetal.Science2003.pdf\">Climate Change, Human Impacts, and the Resilience of Coral Reefs.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/impacts-of-climate-change-on-world-heritage.pdf\">Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Coral Reefs.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-1\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid bg-image-ps-inherit\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-1\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-10\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h4><strong>Bleaching\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/change-climate-and-coral-reefs-bleaching.pdf\">Climate Change, coral bleaching and the future of the world\u00b4s coral reefs.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Coral_Reefs_and_Global_Climate_Change.pdf\">Coral Reefs and Global climate change, Potential Contributions of Climate Change to Stresses on Coral Reef Ecosystems.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Cap.Blanqueamiento.pdf\">Coral bleaching, a threat to the future of coral reefs in the Nuestra Se\u00f1ora del Rosario and San Bernardo archipelagos.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Experimental_evidence_for_high_temperatu.pdf\">Experimenal evidence of high temperature stress as the cause of El Ni\u00f1o coincident coral mortality.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Jones_et_al-1998-Plant_Cell__Environment.pdf\">Temperaure-induced bleaching of corals begins with impairment of the CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0fixation mechanism in zooxanthellae.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coris.noaa.gov\/activities\/reef_managers_guide\/reef_managers_guide.pdf\">A reef manager\u00b4s guide to coral bleaching.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/bdigital.unal.edu.co\/11575\/1\/1017135952.2014.pdf\">Environmental variables during coral bleaching events in the Colombian Caribbean.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/2004YakovlevaHidakaMEPS.pdf\">Differential recovery of PSII function and electron transport rate in symbiotic dinoglahellates as a possible determinant of bleaching suscptibility of corals.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-1\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid bg-image-ps-inherit\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-1\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-10\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h4>Ocean Acidification<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ocean-acidification.pdf\">Ocean acidification causes bleaching and productivity loss in coral reef builders.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ocean-acid-metabolism.pdf\">Ocean acidification effects on in situ coral reff metabolism.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/HoeghGuldbergetal2007.pdf\">Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/226289185_The_Impact_of_Climate_Change_on_Coral_Reef_Ecosystems\">The Impact of Climate Change on Coral Reef Ecosystems.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1002\/2015GB005198\">Climatological distribution of aragonite saturation state in the global oceans.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.carboncyclescience.us\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Final_acidification.pdf\">Impacts of Ocean Acidificationon Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers: A Guide for Future Research.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ocean-acidification-growth-coral-reefs.pdf\">Ocean acidification affects coral growth by reducing skeletal density.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mccip.org.uk\/media\/1760\/2017arc_sciencereview_001_oac.pdf\">Ocean Acidification<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-1\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid bg-image-ps-inherit\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-1\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-10\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h4>Wastewater Discharge<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.nature.org\/science\/2015\/06\/08\/sewage-pollution-great-threat-coral-reefs\/\">Sewage Pollution: A Significant Threat to Coral Reefs\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.int-res.com\/articles\/meps\/21\/m021p175.pdf\">Effects of sewage pollution on coral-reef communities\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nyas.12785\">Mitigation Is Key For Coral Reef\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.theijes.com\/papers\/vol6-issue6\/Version-2\/B0606020913.pdf\">Impact of Sewage Discharge on Coral Reefs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/272419030_Torres_Alvarado_MR_Calva-Benitez_LG_2012_Nutrientes_en_Arrecifes_de_Coral_Un_Caso_de_Estudio_ContactoS_3_Epoca_8542-50\">Nutrients in Coral Reefs. A case study.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/today.oregonstate.edu\/archives\/2013\/nov\/large-study-shows-pollution-impact-coral-reefs-%E2%80%93-and-offers-solution\">Large study shows pollution impact on coral reefs and offers solutions.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/articles\/meps\/4\/m004p105.pdf\">Recovery and recolonization of coral reefs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-1\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid bg-image-ps-inherit\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-1\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-10\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h4>Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD)<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/8fa7\/d8faa9feaa25852197152fcda18a99d8daac.pdf?_ga=2.259940685.674865554.1601482296-1012155861.1592705716\">A rapid spread of the stony coral tissue loss disease outbreak in the Mexican Caribbean<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/floridadep.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/Coral-Disease-Outbreak-FAQ_v5.2.pdf\">Florida Reef Tract Coral Disease Outbreak FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.agrra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DEP-Intervention-2020.06-Final-Report-Appendix-I.pdf\">Florida Keys Coral Disease Strike Team, 2019-2020 Final Report. Protocol for Topical Antibiotic Treatment<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/reefresilience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Disease-Identification-v4.pdf\">Appearance of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) on susceptible species<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/reefresilience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Floridas-Outbreak-Presentation.pdf\">Florida\u2019s ongoing coral disease outbreak: Current status, research findings, and management response<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/floridadep.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/Copy%20of%20StonyCoralTissueLossDisease_CaseDefinition%20final%2010022018.pdf\">Case Definition: Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD), October 2, 2018<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.somac.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/SOMAC-S%C3%ADndrome-Blanco.pdf\">MEXICAN CORAL REEF SOCIETY. THE WHITE SYNDROME IN THE MEXICAN CARIBBEAN<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-1\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid bg-image-ps-inherit\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_grey wpb_content_element  wpb_content_element\" ><span class=\"vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l\"><span class=\"vc_sep_line\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r\"><span class=\"vc_sep_line\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"contacto\" class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid bg-image-ps-inherit\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Amenazas Amenazas Cambio Clim\u00e1tico Coral Reefs and Global climate change, Potential Contributions of Climate Change to Stresses on Coral Reef Ecosystems. Cambio clim\u00e1tico y ecosistemas costeros, bases fundamentales para la conservaci\u00f3n de los Arrecifes de coral del Pac\u00edfico Este. Effect of Climate Change on Marine Ecosystems.\u00a0 The Impact of Climate Change on Coral Reef Ecosystems.\u00a0 [...]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2313","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2313"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2313\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/coralmar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}